Nevertheless, in those years, the problem of the origin of man (or even all living beings in general) was considered inaccessible to science by some scientists. Louis Agassiz, a paleontologist and glacier researcher, stated: "Every single species in the world of animals and plants is God's creative thought clothed in bodily form." And where God is invoked, free scientific thought has nothing to do. It wasn't just about getting new facts or coming up with accurate and convincing laws of nature. It was enough to create a coherent "body" of scientific theory from the available facts and permeate and enliven it with existing ideas. Darwin was able to accomplish this task. Darwin's writings on natural selection and the origin of man have made a huge dent in the dilapidated edifice of the old biology. A mighty, ever-increasing stream of scientific thought has rushed here. The finds of ancient stone tools followed one another. Traces of impact and crushing were found on the bones of extinct animals. Among the bones were the remains of reindeer, mammoths, and musk oxen. And this is in France and Spain! It became clear that cavemen, troglodytes, lived here during the great cold weather.


How did they live in gloomy caves, among giant animals and hostile tribes?! Darwin's idea of a "struggle for existence" captured the minds of biologists in the second half of the last century. They began to spread it without regard to the whole living world, and to human society as well. Friedrich Engels warned against such excessive enthusiasm. And somehow I didn't have time to think about it: why did intelligent man appear and take shape precisely during the fleeting time of the great glaciers, great trials for many species of animals and plants? Was our most ancient ancestor the strongest, most cunning and most dexterous of all the inhabitants of the Earth at that time? Wars and destruction accompanied the movement of civilization. But there were some other, more powerful forces that preserved humanity in the most difficult times. Otherwise, civilizations would collapse like sand dunes under hurricane-force winds. It's not for nothing that people retain feelings of mutual help, love, and sacrifice themselves. Kindness, honesty, and appreciation are not random qualities. They were related to the survival of humans and their spread on the planet. The path to the knowledge of man went through the knowledge of animals. In the middle of the last century, the science of human society, sociology, took shape. Since that time, scientists have been taking a closer look at the communities of higher animals and insects. It turned out that social animals thrive and dominate the Earth. Unification, interconnection, and mutual assistance are like the law of "universal gravitation" in living nature. Obeying the law of gravity, particles stick together in space, forming nebulae and planets. Obeying the law of interconnectedness, living beings unite into communities. Peter Kropotkin wrote a wonderful book about this. He called it "Mutual assistance as a factor of evolution." He traced the development of social ties from animal communities to primitive humans and, finally, to modern society. Kropotkin argued that the law of mutual assistance is more important than the law of the struggle for food, for existence. Harsh living conditions bring communities together. It is mainly those species where mutual aid prevails that survive. E-sports betting continues to grow rapidly worldwide, and having extra funds gives you a competitive edge. To claim your advantage, simply use 1xbet promo code registration process on the 1xBet website or mobile application. This powerful code unlocks a 130% welcome bonus up to $130 on your first deposit, usable across all e-sports titles available on the platform including CS2, Dota 2, League of Legends, and Valorant. You can bet on tournament winners, map winners, total kills, and live in-play events with a significantly boosted bankroll.